Asbest veroorzaakt longvlieskanker (mesothelioom) doordat cellen van het afweersysteem een signaalstof (TNF-alfa) produceren die zorgt dat longvliescellen die door asbest aangetast zijn, niet sterven. Cellen uit het afweersysteem nemen de asbestvezels op, maar kunnen die niet verteren, wat ze normaal gesproken wel met schadelijke indringers doen. Ze blijven vervolgens te veel van de signaalstof TNF-alfa produceren. Die stof start processen die de longvliescellen beschermen tegen de giftige werking van asbest. De kankerverwekkende stoffen die rond de asbestvezels ontstaan, kunnen vervolgens jarenlang hun gang gaan.Dit schrijven onderzoekers van enkele Amerikaanse universiteiten in een op 23 juni j.l. online gepubliceerd artikel in de Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Bron: NRC, 24 juni. Yang, H. et al. (2006). TNF- inhibits asbestos-induced cytotoxicity via a NF-B-dependent pathway, a possible mechanism for asbestos-induced oncogenesis. Gevonden op: www.pnas.org
Haining Yang, Maurizio Bocchetta, Barbara Kroczynska, Amira G. Elmishad, Yuanbin Chen, Zemin Liu, Concetta Bubici, Brooke T. Mossman, Harvey I. Pass, Joseph R. Testa, Guido Franzoso, and Michele Carbone, (2006). TNF- inhibits asbestos-induced cytotoxicity via a NF-B-dependent pathway, a possible mechanism for asbestos-induced oncogenesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 23th june 2006.
Abstract
Asbestos is the main cause of human malignant mesothelioma (MM). In vivo, macrophages phagocytize asbestos and, in response, release TNF- and other cytokines that contribute to carcinogenesis through unknown mechanisms. In vitro, asbestos does not induce transformation of primary human mesothelial cells (HM). instead, asbestos is very cytotoxic to HM, causing extensive cell death. This finding raised an apparent paradox: How can asbestos cause MM if HM exposed to asbestos die? We found that asbestos induced the secretion of TNF- and the expression of TNF- receptor I in HM. Treatment of HM with TNF- significantly reduced asbestos cytotoxicity. Through numerous technical approaches, including chemical inhibitors and small interfering RNA strategies, we demonstrate that, in HM, TNF- activates NF-B and that NF-B activation leads to HM survival and resistance to the cytotoxic effects of asbestos. Our data show a critical role for TNF- and NF-B signaling in mediating HM responses to asbestos. TNF- signaling through NF-B-dependent mechanisms increases the percent of HM that survives asbestos exposure, thus increasing the pool of asbestos-damaged HM that are susceptible to malignant transformation. Cytogenetics supported this hypothesis, showing only rare, aberrant metaphases in HM exposed to asbestos and an increased mitotic rate with fewer irregular metaphases in HM exposed to both TNF- and asbestos. Our findings provide a mechanistic rationale for the paradoxical inability of asbestos to transform HM in vitro, elucidate and underscore the role of TNF- in asbestos pathogenesis in humans, and identify potential molecular targets for anti-MM prevention and therapy.